Weekend Read: Bill Bratton’s Cures for Gun Violence
Posted by Larry Doyle on January 19, 2013 12:55 PM |
Given all of the attention to the gun issue, I welcome sharing this Wall Street Journal Weekend Interview with William Bratton. Who is he? Former New York City (and Los Angeles) police commissioner. How did he do while In New York?
Mr. Bratton publicly promised to cut crime by 10% in his first year and 15% in his second. Privately he told Mr. Giuliani that crime would drop 40% in three years.
And down it went. In two years, murders fell 39%, robbery 31%, burglary 25% and car theft 36%. By 1998, two years after he left the job but with his programs firmly in place, murders had fallen 70%, robbery 55%, burglary 53% and car theft 61%.
How might he address the gun issue currently?
The WSJ Weekend Interview with William Bratton is a fabulous read,
The last time America had a gun-control debate was the early 1990s, and it was followed by the great two-decade-long decline in American crime. The irony is that gun control had very little to do with that decline.
William Bratton did. Serving as New York City’s top cop for 27 months from 1994 to 1996, he helped turn around a violent, crime-ridden city with policies that later were adopted nationwide and across the globe. The 65-year-old now runs a consulting business and a tech firm that focus on law enforcement, and in a recent chat he puts the gun debate in the context of policies that really have made America safer.
As announced Wednesday, President Obama wants more federal and state information-sharing, more data collection and better training for local law enforcement. But the heart of his proposals, and the most controversial, are his requests that Congress reinstate the ban on “assault weapons” that lapsed in 2004, outlaw ammunition clips holding 10 or more rounds, and extend mandatory background checks to almost all gun sales.
Mr. Bratton likes what he calls the “symbolism” of this agenda, but he’s unsure if its enactment would make a substantive difference. “Its importance is that it is a motivator to keep people aware, concerned and involved,” he says as we sit amid the police helmets, miniature squad cars and framed magazine covers of his midtown Manhattan corner office. “The good news is at least the issue is once again being discussed and being discussed seriously. As to what the ultimate outcome will be, it’s anyone’s guess.”
The problem with the gun and ammo bans, he offers, “is that that’s going forward.” They do nothing about the 350 million firearms, including assault weapons, and hundreds of thousands of extended clips already in circulation. “You can’t deal with that retroactively.” As for the practical effect of gun control, he notes that “all the studies that were done about assault weapons after the ban ended after 10 years were pretty much inconclusive.”
He says he’d support “anything that reduces the number of rounds in a clip.” In an attack like the one in Newtown, Conn., Mr. Bratton says, the faster a deranged killer can shoot, the more damage he can do—and the less time is allowed for the police to arrive. “Oftentimes it is in the changing of a clip that the opportunity presents itself for stopping. What’s the right number—seven, 10, 15? Who knows? The right number is no bullets in the clip, but that’s not going to happen.”
Mr. Bratton predicts that “the most successful focus is going to be on the licensing and background checks. Because that’s the heart of the problem—who gets access to the guns?” he says. “Clearly a large number of people who shouldn’t have firearms actually apply through the process and obtain firearms.” He also argues that Congress ought to confirm a permanent director of the Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco and Firearms for the first time since 2006.
But the gun reform that truly gets Mr. Bratton fired up is one you don’t hear much about these days. It is what he calls “certainty of punishment,” or stricter gun-crime sentences.
“People are out on the streets who should be in jail. Jail is appropriate for anyone who uses a gun in the commission of an act of violence. Some cities have a deplorable lack of attention to this issue,” he says, citing Philadelphia.
In Chicago, where the murder rate rose 16% last year, “to try to put someone in jail for gun-related activity you really have to go the extra mile,” he says. “If there’s one crime for which there has to be a certainty of punishment, it is gun violence.” He ticks off other places where help is needed: “Oakland, Chicago, D.C., Baltimore—all have gangs whose members have no capacity for caring about life and respect for life. Someone like that? Put ‘em in jail. Get ‘em off the streets. Keep people safe.”
Mr. Bratton has some experience with jailing bad guys, making them stay off the streets and watching the crime rate drop. His efforts in New York brought him to national prominence, but he has been collaring criminals for decades. After serving in the military police during the Vietnam War, he returned to his native Boston and worked his way up in that city’s law-enforcement organizations.
He moved to New York in 1990 to take over the transit police (which was then separate from the city force). Quickly crime dropped across the subway system. In late 1993, after a brief return stint in Boston, Mr. Bratton was appointed commissioner of the New York City Police Department by Mayor-elect Rudy Giuliani. Consciously echoing Churchill, he declared at his first news conference that, “We will fight for every house in the city. We will fight for every street. We will fight for every borough. And we will win.”
It took a lot of fighting. More than 2,200 New Yorkers had been murdered the year before. Daily commuting meant being confronted by prostitution, drug use, public urination, theft—urban life run amok. Mr. Bratton publicly promised to cut crime by 10% in his first year and 15% in his second. Privately he told Mr. Giuliani that crime would drop 40% in three years.
And down it went. In two years, murders fell 39%, robbery 31%, burglary 25% and car theft 36%. By 1998, two years after he left the job but with his programs firmly in place, murders had fallen 70%, robbery 55%, burglary 53% and car theft 61%.
One of his first challenges was to change a helpless, can’t-do mentality. From the 1960s through most of the 1980s, the FBI’s “Uniform Crime Reports” included this note: “Criminal homicide is largely a societal problem which is beyond the control of the police.” That pretty well described the thinking in many urban battlegrounds.
Mr. Bratton rejected it. He led the NYPD according to the principle that, as he wrote in 1999, “No place is unpoliceable; no crime is immune to better enforcement efforts.” The key was giving the police the novel goal of preventing crime, not just responding to it. To achieve that goal, they mostly needed new strategies for policing, not new legislation.
For starters, they wouldn’t ignore minor crimes such as prostitution, aggressive panhandling, excessive noise and underage drinking. It was an application of what would become famous as the “broken windows” theory, which held that even small signs of disorder would, if left untended, breed further disorder, crime and fear.
“Stop the behavior when it’s small, stop the cancer when it’s small,” Mr. Bratton says, an approach he says is as useful today as it was then. It turns out that those who committed minor offenses often also committed major ones. When police started arresting subway turnstile-jumpers, one in seven had an outstanding warrant and one in 25 carried a gun.
Another innovation was the almost obsessive use of timely crime data to drive tactics and accountability. Police began questioning every person arrested with a gun about where, when and how it was obtained. Detectives were instructed to investigate all shootings as if they were murders.
All of this went on under a legal architecture that had existed for years, including a 1974 state gun-control law considered the strictest in the nation. The tide turned so dramatically only in 1994, says Mr. Bratton, because finally the police enforced the law “fairly, compassionately and consistently” across all neighborhoods.
Another part of the anti-violence solution was the 1968 Supreme Court ruling Terry v. Ohio, which held that a police officer is allowed to stop, question and frisk a person on the street if the officer has “reasonable suspicion” that the person has committed, is committing, or is about to commit a crime. “Stop-and-frisk” became a central feature of policing—and now, in a transformed New York two decades later, it has become a matter of controversy. Liberals want it banned.
Critics of stop-and-frisk argue that it discriminates against blacks and Hispanics, who are the subjects of a majority of stops. Proponents say this simply reflects the demographic realities of crime. Although blacks make up only 23% of New York’s population, for example, they accounted for more than 60% of all murder victims in 2011 and committed some 80% of all shootings. The issue is now in the federal courts, where for the first time a judge last week ruled a part of the program unconstitutional.
Stop-and-frisk is not something that you can stop. It is an absolutely basic tool of American policing,” Mr. Bratton says. “It would be like asking a doctor to give an examination to you without using his stethoscope.” Critics, he complains, “always leave out the middle term—stop, question and frisk. About 60 to 70 percent of the stops don’t result in a frisk in New York.” As for Judge Shira Scheindlin’s recent ruling, he predicts a reversal “when it goes to the Supreme Court.”
If stop-and-frisk makes it to the highest court in the land, the ruling might be more than a matter of academic interest for Mr. Bratton. He has been out of the police-chief game since 2009, when he retired after a successful seven-year stint in Los Angeles. But he has been speaking with more than one of the candidates who are positioning themselves for New York’s mayoral election this November. Asked whether he might return for a second stint as the city’s top cop, he offers praise for current Commissioner Ray Kelly and says little more than “I’ll keep my options open.”
Think Rahm Emanuel and the mayors of the 10 most dangerous cities in America might want to give Bill a call. Perhaps Eric Holder, Joe Biden, and President Obama himself may want to ring Bill up.
What do people think?
Larry Doyle
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I have no business interest with any entity referenced in this commentary. The opinions expressed are my own. I am a proponent of real transparency within our markets so that investor confidence and investor protection can be achieved.
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Larry,
At the risk of sounding like I am “second guessing”
Chief Bratten, who I respect and admire, I have some
rather novel ideas about how to mitigate this problem.
GET REAL
In this age of celebrities, we over emphize the ability
of one persons impact on this plague. Chief Bratten
promised he would reduce crime by 40% in three years
(a very nobel promise, coming from a Pol, not a Chief)
Chief Bratten was NYPD’s Chief for 2.7 years. The
population of NY is what?
Even the WSJ article implies the the reduction in crime
during this period was more a matter of age demographics.
THE SCALE OF THE PROBLEM
350,000,000 in circulation now!!!! These arn’t
particlarily pershable items.
Let’s examine this number, how many of those are shotguns
(3-5 max rounds,limited range,max damage close range),
deer rifles ( 1 round chamber, usually 3 or 4 clip),
military style weapon (basically post Vietnam and
clips of up to thirty,but theoretically unlimited.
I would bet that these military style weapons made in the
last twenty years, only amount to less than 50,000 of
the 350,000,000 toatal.
What this suggests,is we need a very focused effort to
get these “off the streets” and band new sales of this
type weapon.
I propose a “Bounty Program” on these weapons, sould
be national, but could be statewide.
Got to go, for now, but i will be back.
Ed
Ed, I’m glad you put “off the streets” in quotes. I owned an AR-15. I did not consider it “on the street.” That’s a very loaded term.
Your ideas are far from novel.
I nominate Bill Bratton for SEC Enforcement Director!
FredB,
I’ll bet that’s exactly what Adam Laza mother thought
Ed
Lary,
Part II (continued from previous blog)
CLIPS……trying to regulate these is a waste of time.
These can be manufactured in my garage in about two
hours. All this would do is create a cottage industry.
When I was in Vietnam we use to duct tape two of these
thirty round clips together,it took a split second to
rotate them. We did it to all are clips. Maybe a novice
would screw this process up but I doubt it.
Got to go.
Ed
The average person with just a modicum of practice can drop a magazine and swap to a new one and start firing again in 2 seconds on average. With regular practice they can accomplish it in just one second and a few who could be considered world class could do it in about 0.7 seconds as I have read recently.
But, doesn’t all of this pretty much totally ignore the fact the criminals won’t obey the new gun laws no matter what they are? If that is so, and I believe that has been proven many times, then new gun laws are only restricting law abiding citizens at home and making it more difficult for them to feel safe in their own homes.
Obama is not interested in having a Czar like Bratton. Bratton might actually dare to suggest that the real need is for us to eliminate psychiatrists’ability to give out psychotropic drugs almost like they were candy to anyone they consider depressed or troubled. Proven side effects of these types of drugs are both suicidal and homicidal tendencies.
Additionally, if the idea is to stop or materially reduce mass shootings.. please note that roughly 90% or more of the shooters are either on or recently getting off psycho-tropic drugs. Additionally, making the sentence of mass shooters more strict? Is that a serious recommendation? The great majority of them kill themselves at the end of their killing spree already.
There is also something important for all people who might have to defend themselves at home to remember.. when bare SECONDS count, the police are only MINUTES away!.. Police seldom save anyone from being attacked and killed in the spur of the moment once someone has broken into their home, no matter how fast the call goes out to them. The police nearly always arrive just in time to tag the bodies, gather the evidence and start an investigation to find the attacker that got away. The same timing holds true for mass shootings as well, although most shooters, as noted above, tend to off themselves and save the State the effort of finding and prosecuting them.
You know, I am now in my early 60′s and fortunately my memory is still pretty good and although we have had lots and lots of guns in the possession of the general public for a many, many decades, I honestly do not remember lots of mass shootings taking place before these highly dangerous prescription drugs were available for emotional disturbances and depression.
Such highly dangerous drugs should be restricted for use only on patients who are in a secure Institutional setting where they do not have access to the general public. Psychiatrists should not be free to dispense them freely to patients who are still freely walking our streets. Ahh but then that issue won’t even be given serious consideration.. not with the huge amount of money that the pharmaceutical industry funnels through their lobbyists to our government officials. How silly of me.
Agree with this man.
As a society we need to not focus on just one “solution” to the gun problem but on multiple management strategies to a problem that will never fully be fixed.
That means addressing the underlying causes of violence and crime, as well as mental illness; ignoring paranoid extremist rhetoric (“the government wants to take all my guns!”) and focusing collectively instead on clarifying what types of weapons and clip sizes we will reasonably accept as a nation; enforcing existing rules and managing for broken windows; giving police and government (e.g., bureau of ATF) the proper crime-fighting tools and rules while maintaining checks and balances on their powers and functions; and being realistic about future outcomes.
Sadly, there will be more violence in the future no matter what is done. But I hope those little kids are somehow honored with some real and practical outcomes that save future lives.
Insanity is repeating the same thing over and over again while expecting a different outcome.
Thanks Larry.
At a Tennessee Football Game—not a joke
Christianity is now the target of persecution…
THIS IS AS GOOD AS IT GETS!
GOD BLESS EVERYONE WHO READS THIS AND PASSES IT ON.
I FIND IT INTERESTING THAT A HIGH SCHOOL PRINCIPAL CAN SEE THE PROBLEM, BUT OUR SOCIETY CANNOT.
This is a statement that was read over the PA system at the football game at Roane County High School, Kingston, Tennessee, by school principal, Jody McLeod
“It has always been the custom at Roane County High School football games, to say a prayer and play the National Anthem, to honor God and Country.”
Due to a recent ruling by the Supreme Court, I am told that saying a Prayer is a violation of Federal Case Law. As I understand the law at this time, I can use this public facility to approve of sexual perversion and call it “an alternate life style,” and, if someone is offended, that’s OK.
I can use it to condone sexual promiscuity, by dispensing condoms and calling it, “safe sex.” If someone is offended, that’s OK.
I can even use this public facility to present the merits of killing an unborn baby as a “viable” means of birth control.” If someone is offended, no problem…
I can designate a school day as “Earth Day” and involve students in activities to worship religiously and praise the goddess, “Mother Earth”, and call it “ecology…”
I can use literature, videos and presentations in the classroom that depicts people with strong, traditional Christian convictions as “simple minded” and “ignorant” and call it “enlightenment…”
However, if anyone uses this facility to honor GOD and to ask HIM to bless this event with safety and good sportsmanship, then Federal Case Law is violated.
This appears to be inconsistent at best, and at worst, diabolical. Apparently, we are to be tolerant of everything and anyone, except GOD and HIS Commandments.
Nevertheless, as a school principal, I frequently ask staff and students to abide by rules with which they do not necessarily agree. For me to do otherwise would be inconsistent at best, and at worst, hypocritical. I suffer from that affliction enough unintentionally. I certainly do not need to add an intentional transgression.
For this reason, I shall “Render unto Caesar that which is Caesar’s,” and refrain from praying at this time.
” However, if you feel inspired to honor, praise and thank GOD and ask HIM, in the name of JESUS, to bless this event, please feel free to do so… As far as I know, that’s not against the law–yet.”
One by one, the people in the stands bowed their heads, held hands with one another and began to pray.
They prayed in the stands. They prayed in the team huddles. They prayed at the concession stand and they prayed in the Announcer’s Box!
The only place they didn’t pray was in the Supreme Court of the United States of America — the Seat of “Justice” in the “one nation, under GOD.”
Somehow, Kingston, Tennessee, remembered what so many have forgotten. We are given the Freedom OF Religion, not the Freedom FROM Religion. Praise GOD that HIS remnant remains!
JESUS said, “If you are ashamed of ME before men, then I will be ashamed of you before MY FATHER…”
THIS IS AS GOOD AS IT GETS! GOD BLESS EVERYONE WHO READS THIS AND PASSES IT ON.
Bratton cedes the right to bear too easily…..We have a God given right to defend ourselves..And he has not got a right to leave us without guns…..especially in the inner city. He is reticent on that point.
If he can solve the problem of who has guns and who does not without trampling on the rights of the law abiding, then he can work on the lesser problems that result when the law abiding misuse of weapons…
I would bet tho, that it’d fall so far off the list that no one would bother with the gun end of the conundrum and would just deal with the mental illness and drug*alki abuse aspects of the crimes that are committed.
His stellar job, not to be denied, of cutting crime in NYC was a result of the muscle and determination he inherited from guys like Rudy and elected officials who believed in steady and determined enforcement. His Handiwork on those overblown violence rates and crime numbers came about because his political handlers let him off the leash his preceders had to live with due to Dinkins et al……..
.Getting rid of gangs and illegal guns happened here to some extent, but as Chicago, Detroit, and DC demonstrate, the work hasn’t even begun yet.
Under this president it won’t either . Just as it didn’t when he left gun violence guys alone in his own city because gang bangers vote too.
Not as impressed over his career with Bratton as I am with others….he was MTA if I remember correctly…got that right?
Biden’s Gun Task Force Met With All Sides, but Kept Its Eye on The Target
Larry,
Why is it that this discussion seems to attract what
I would call, (for lack of a better term)the “religious
right” There solution, toevery real problems is, ” we
just need to pray more or harder. My response to that,
” well go to church and pray and stop filling up these
posts with “feel good solutions” to real problems.
Ed
Ed,
I do not think the religious feel that faith alone is the answer BUT that faith within the context of strong family units, strong family values, and with the presence of two strong parents raising well balanced children is and should be a large part of the answer to a lot of what ails our nation.
Would you disagree?
What is the single best social program known to mankind?
The two parent family.
Larry.
Your “preaching to the chior”. I happen to be one of
of those Catholics that you are always reminding us that
you are. Went to Saint Marys Academy and Norfolk
Catholic HS in Norfolk Va.
Ed
Ed,
I think if I went back throughout my blog I would venture to say that I may never have mentioned that I am Catholic. If I did it was totally inadvertent.
I certainly do not mind highlighting the importance of my faith.
“The tide turned SO dramatically in 1994, says Mr. Bratton, because FINALLY the police enforced the law “fairly, compassionately and consistently” across all neighborhoods.”
How refreshing, a leader who leads, takes responsiblity and requires his employees to do more than collect a paycheck.
The penalty to a society which cherishes the freedom of its citizenry to carry firearms is more firearm related crime.
Where is the leading by example? Police used to carry revolvers, six shots. Now they have Glocks, fifteen rounds and “patrol rifles”, which are assault rifles when owned by anyone else. There are SWAT teams with full auto weapons and armored vehicles and they are the equal to a military force. If you want to bring down the violence on the streets of America then bring down the level of violence the police bring to our streets.
To the other Fred, from Ben Franklin
“Those who desire to give up freedom in order to gain security will not have, nor do they deserve, either one.”
FredB,
Do not misunderstand me, I am not taking a position, I am only stating a fact…for better or worse, the more guns in a society the more guns will be used. I have nothing but respect for the wisdom of Mr. Franklin, he was both a gentleman and a scholar.
Although I can’t be certain, I think our “founding fathers” main adgenda in drafting the 2nd Amendment was probably defense from the tyranny of government, either foreign or domestic.
I would like to hear a debate centered on this issue (governmental tyranny), then broadened to include the NRA lobby, hunting, self defense, gun crime,automatic weapons and armed school guards. Should guns be treated differently in a suburban rather than an urban setting?
In all these emotionally-charged discussions spear-headed by politicians, it’s nice to hear the opinions of someone who really knows what he’s talking about. Bratton Yes, Biden No.
Mr. Bratton carefully reminds everyone that whatever happens from here cannot be applied retroactively. And there are plenty of assault-type rifles and high-capacity magazines already in the market. Which directs the discussion back to dealing with the folks who use these weapons to commit crimes against society. I still can’t believe that the US government has allowed the Army psychiatrist who shot & killed other soldiers at Fort Hood to hold up his trial over whether he has a beard or not. This type of equivocation over swift and severe penalties deprives society of the protection of legal actions which could act as a deterrent.
Larry,
Do you really what to talk about your “Fighting
Irish” artical?
Think about it before you respond?
Ed
Ed,
Knock yourself out and write whatever you would like. It is a free and open blog. There are rules of decorum which you can reference at the Disclaimer.
Beyond that, though, I have yet to read anything that I would define to be of substance from you so do not look for me to spend a lot of time on your comments.
What is the REAL problem in America?
Larry,
I’ll pass.
Ed
Ed; Spell much? Or ever proofread your own missives? Appears that you do not.
No I don’t proofread, it’s a waste of my time.
Ed
Ed. You are annoying.