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HomeUncle Sam’s Continuation of the Housing Bubble
Posted by Larry Doyle on September 2nd, 2009 8:57 AM |
With housing prices down 30+% on average over the last few years, is Uncle Sam blowing fresh air into the housing balloon and actually creating another housing bubble? I believe that’s exactly what is happening.
If you are scratching your head and think I am off base with my assertion, please navigate this path along our economic landscape with me.
What drove the housing bubble? Cheap rates and undisciplined lending from the private sector. What added to the bubble? The internal ‘hedge fund’ portfolios of Freddie Mac and Fannie Mae.
What is perpetuating the housing bubble if not creating another mini-bubble of sorts? Cheap rates and undisciplined lending directly from Uncle Sam or supported by Uncle Sam. What is adding to this bubble? Those same internal portfolios at Freddie and Fannie.
What entities within Uncle Sam’s domain are providing the cheap rates and undisciplined lending?
1. The Federal Housing Administration ( FHA-insured loans are packaged into GNMA securities, which have the explicit backing of Uncle Sam)
2. The Federal Reserve’s quantitative easing program in which it has purchased hundreds of billions in mortgage-backed securities with authority to purchase a total of $1 trillion+ in MBS is also blowing fresh air into the balloon.
3. Freddie and Fannie are also supporting the bubble by providing fresh capital via their portfolios.
People may say that Uncle Sam had to provide this capital because the private sector would not. In fact, The Wall Street Journal makes that very assertion this morning in writing, Industry Seeks Fannie, Freddie Overhaul:
Together with the Federal Housing Administration, Fannie and Freddie now purchase or guarantee nearly nine in 10 new mortgages, since private buyers of such loans have been absent amid the housing bust.
I categorically do not accept this assertion. There is more than enough private capital in the system to purchase these mortgages. The issue is that the private capital will only purchase these mortgages at appropriate risk adjusted prices. Freddie, Fannie, the FHA, and the Federal Reserve are stepping ‘through the market’ and subsidizing mortgage rates by at least 50 basis points and, in turn, crowding out private buyers. The WSJ continues:
Fannie and Freddie have taken nearly $96 billion of capital infusions from the U.S. Treasury since last November. The companies have received nearly 10 times that amount in additional support through purchases of debt and mortgage-backed securities by the Treasury and the Federal Reserve.
![[Picking up the Slack chart]](http://s.wsj.net/public/resources/images/NA-BA159A_FANFR_NS_20090901200812.gif)
Who is benefiting from these subsidized rates? New homeowners. Do not think for a second, however, that risks are properly aligned in this current mortgage dynamic.
The continued mispricing of risk will mean our housing market will experience more protracted levels of delinquencies, defaults, and foreclosures than if mortgage rates were higher and real discipline were instituted into the lending process.
In fact, unless our country accepts a fully socialized mortgage finance system, mortgage rates will have to move higher to reflect private sector pricing. Risks and returns will then be properly aligned and the bubble will deflate.
LD
Related Sense on Cents Commentary:
“Uncle Sam Guaranteeing Sub-Prime Loans” (May 4, 2009)
Let’s Look at Housing
Posted by Larry Doyle on August 21st, 2009 12:16 PM |
The National Association of Realtors just announced that existing home sales rose to the highest level in the last two years. This is obviously a good sign. What drove the increase and what is going on within the housing market broadly speaking? Can we assign a clean bill of health to the entire housing market based upon this report? Let’s dig deeper.
Bloomberg looks into this morning’s report and highlights the following in writing Existing Home Sales in U.S. Jump to Two Year High:
> Foreclosure-driven declines in prices, government credits for first-time buyers and near-record-low borrowing costs may keep stoking demand, helping the economy recover from the worst recession since the 1930s. Ongoing job losses are a reminder that more Americans will probably lose their homes, indicating a rebound will be slow to take hold.
Sense on Cents commentary: as I attested on August 11th in writing the “U.S. Mortgage/Housing Market has a Split Personality,” the economy has a decidedly different dynamic at work between lower priced homes which can be financed with conforming mortgages (ultimately purchased by Freddie Mac and Fannie Mae) and higher priced homes needing to be financed with Jumbo mortgages (not readily available by our friendly banks!!).
>Purchases of existing homes increased 5 percent compared with a year earlier. The median price dropped to $178,400 from the $210,100 in July 2008.
Sense on Cents commentary: do not look for price appreciation anytime soon. In fact, while home prices on the lower end may begin to stabilize on a relative basis, higher priced homes (those needing Jumbo financing) will remain under pressure.
> The number of previously-owned unsold homes on the market jumped 7.3 percent to 4.09 million in July, a “notable” increase, according to Lawrence Yun, the Realtors’ chief economist. At the current sales pace, it would take 9.4 months to sell those houses, the same as in June.
>About $3.4 trillion worth of houses are at risk of default because the owners owe more than the property is worth, Santa Ana, California-based First American CoreLogic said last week. By putting more homes on the market, foreclosures are keeping inventory higher than levels consistent with stable prices.
Sense on Cents commentary: the increase in unsold homes will keep prices under pressure which will help promote sales activity but will also serve to keep pressure on retail sales as consumers feel a negative wealth effect. Additionally, the supply of homes does not fully address the shadow inventory of homes held by banks but not yet put on the market. This shadow supply will likely increase given what is in the delinquency and foreclosure pipeline. (more…)
U.S. Mortgage/Housing Market Has Split Personality
Posted by Larry Doyle on August 11th, 2009 11:52 AM |
To speak of the United States housing market in singular terms would be a huge mistake. The different regions of the country have their own housing dynamics. The strengths and weaknesses within the local economies have a huge impact on the strength or weakness of housing.
All this said, there is no doubt that the number 417 has the greatest impact on housing in the United States. Why and how? 417k is the cutoff for individuals looking to receive a conforming mortgage. Above that level, individuals enter the realm of the Jumbo market where rates are appreciably higher and credit standards are significantly tighter. Additionally, Jumbo product is not typically eligible to be underwritten or purchased by Freddie Mac or Fannie Mae. That restriction was waived and Freddie and Fannie have purchased some Jumbo product, but it has had no meaningful impact on the dynamics within the Jumbo space. Overall, the 417k level remains an enormous line of demarcation.
That line of demarcation is further defined by the ability to modify loans. Loan modifications for Jumbo mortgages are significantly more challenging to accomplish. On top of that, mortgage servicers are now under ENORMOUS pressure by Uncle Sam to produce increased numbers of mortgage modifications. Where is Uncle Sam targeting? Conforming mortgages.
While market analysts may believe housing is turning, they are not looking at the total picture. The Jumbo market remains under real pressure while the conforming market is showing signs of stability. Under the heading of ‘a picture speaks a thousand words,’ high five to our friends at 12th St. Capital (the leading mortgage broker-dealer on Wall Street) for providing an overview of the housing market in Los Angeles. One can see the ‘split personality’ based on sales volumes between the downtown neighborhoods and those in the upper incomes. Please click on the map to view year over year sales volumes in respective Los Angeles neighborhoods. A few miles makes a world of difference.
Would welcome insights and perspectives from people in other regions of the country on the split personality of their local housing markets as well.
LD
Is the Market Ever Wrong?
Posted by Larry Doyle on June 24th, 2009 8:00 AM |
The market is often wrong, right?
Human psychology, being what it is, drives individuals to believe they are always right, or at least most often right. What highlights this instinct? The fear of an actual loss. What do I mean?
Most individuals do not want to readily admit that they may be wrong, especially when it comes to money and finance. This human frailty leads individuals to make financial decisions which are often not in their best interest. Let’s navigate and address this psychological aspect of trading and investments.
During my trading career on Wall Street, I often encountered traders who were paralyzed by the market price action. This paralysis occurred during periods of significant volatility. Often, I would hear these individuals utter 4 simple words which should never enter the lexicon of finance: “the market is wrong.”
In response to that statement, I would ask them “if the market is wrong, then why aren’t you either buying or selling it to capture the difference in value between the market’s ‘wrong’ level and the ‘right’ level?” Those conversations were often short lived. Most traders would voice their opinion about the market — while not acting on it — in order to defend their ‘marks,’ that is, the price at which they were carrying trading positions/investments.
Nobody likes booking a loss or actually recognizing a loss. However, the reality of life is that many times we are faced with that unpleasant phenomena. The last two years provides a wealth of evidence on this front. I am reminded of it again this morning in a Bloomberg story, Home-Price Recovery in U.S. May Be Undermined by Appraisals:
There may be another culprit scuttling a U.S. housing recovery: low home appraisals.
Flawed appraisals are derailing real estate sales and depressing values across the U.S., the National Association of Realtors said yesterday as it reported that existing home prices declined 17 percent in May from a year earlier.
“It’s pointing to thousands of delayed or canceled transactions,” Lawrence Yun, chief economist of the Chicago- based Realtors group, said in an interview. “We’ve had a massive inundation from members saying this is a big problem.”
In so many words, Mr. Yun is ‘talking his position’ and indicating that the market is ‘wrong.’ A market may be deemed to be ‘oversold,’ ‘overbought,’ or otherwise ‘mispriced.’ However, those assessments are opinions and not fact. Very simply, a market is never wrong.
When home values come in below the sales price, that’s not the appraiser’s fault, it’s a reflection of the market, the Appraisal Institute, a Chicago-based professional group that represents more than 25,000 appraisers, said in a statement yesterday.
“We take offense with the notion that an appraisal is only good if it happens to come in at the sales price,” the group said. “That mentality helped cause the mortgage meltdown to begin with.”
Let’s look at this phenomena from the opposite standpoint, that being a rising market. Is the market right? Are you, the investor, as smart as you may think? Never confuse brains with a bull market.
As difficult as it may be, individuals should eliminate human emotion and psychology from financial decisions. The market is neither ‘wrong’ nor ‘right.’ The ‘market is the market.’
LD
Housing: Cheap and Getting Cheaper
Posted by Larry Doyle on May 26th, 2009 10:59 AM |
The Case-Shiller Home Price Index was released this morning and disappointed with a worse than expected reading of -19% versus a year ago. Relative to the 4th quarter 2008, home prices nationwide are down 7.5%.
Are home prices continuing to decline despite the support of a variety of government programs or perhaps because of them? What do I mean? Any market – whether stocks, bonds, currencies, commodities, or housing – is constantly trying to assess both current and future demand and supply. Potential buyers or investors can most accurately assess the value of an asset when provided with full and accurate information.
In my opinion, our housing market is suffering from the unknown supply of homes – currently involved in a mortgage modification process – that will likely hit the market in the future due to foreclosure. The fact is that the ultimate default rate on many of the homes involved in a mortgage modification is extremely high. As the Wall Street Journal highlights this morning, Mortgage Modifying Fails to Halt Defaults:
A key finding from the Fitch report was that subprime, pooled loans that have been modified are souring at high rates despite a change in the loan terms. Fitch said a conservative projection was that between 65% and 75% of modified subprime loans will fall 60-days or more delinquent within 12 months of the loan change. That finding echoes prior U.S.-bank-regulatory agency reports of high redefault rates for modified loans.
The Fitch report said one reason for the high redefault rate was public pressure to modify loans even for borrowers who were likely to default whether the loan terms were changed or not. Fitch said another cause was falling home prices. Ultimately, these homeowners, deep underwater, walk away from the home, resulting in the redefault of a loan.
The simple fact is a significant percentage of the loans being modified NEVER should have been written in the first place. Modifying these loans merely forestalls the home from being foreclosed and sold. I do not believe government officials have real appreciation that this forestalled supply actually puts further pressure on housing overall. Why? The market is not being allowed to “clear,” a process in which an asset is moved from weaker hands to stronger hands. To wit, I believe we will continue to see ongoing declines in home values on a going forward basis.
A Look at Case-Shiller Numbers as provided by the WSJ:
“The tone of this report was clearly weak, and it comes at a time when markets were beginning to sense and price in (perhaps prematurely so) a stabilization in the U.S. housing market,” said Millan L. B. Mulraine of TD Securities. “Despite the encouraging signs that have been coming from the other housing market reports, we continue to highlight the risks that the correction in the U.S. housing market may continue for some time as the worsening labor market conditions and historically high inventory of unsold homes continue to off-set the favorable affordability conditions.”
That overhang of inventory will be perpetuated via the mortgage modification process. A full numerical chart highlighting the dynamics within respective metro regions is quite interesting. Not sure why Minneapolis is showing the greatest declines. Anybody who can provide color on the situation in MN, it would be deeply appreciated. Away from that, the other locales suffering the greatest declines continue to be in the obvious areas (Detroit, Las Vegas, Phoenix, Miami). Charlotte, Dallas, and Denver are displaying signs of stability.
Please share insights on housing in your region!!
LD
(About the numbers: The Case Shiller indices have a base value of 100 in January 2000. So a current index value of 150 translates to a 50% appreciation rate since January 2000 for a typical home located within the metro market.)
Home Prices, by Metro Area
Water Finds Its Own Level
Posted by Larry Doyle on May 6th, 2009 5:15 AM |
If housing led us into this mess and is going to lead us out, then bring an extra pair of boots because we still have a long way to go.
Could the government intervention in the housing market promote short term support but also long term pressure? What do I mean? As I wrote yesterday in Mortgage Magic or Mortgage Mayhem, the government is providing real subsidies in terms of mortgage rates, guarantees, closing costs, and points. These subsidies are generating support to segments of the housing market. That said, housing in general remains under severe pressure in many regions. The higher priced markets with very limited government intervention are virtually stagnant.
Pressure from the higher end is actually prompting some banks to allow for short sales in which the bank absorbs the loss from a home sold below the outstanding mortgage balance. Why would a bank do that? Very simply because the bank believes a sale now, even at a loss, is better than a foreclosure later generating an even greater loss.
I think we will see further downward pressure on prices and a delay in real improvement in housing due to the fact that more homeowners are now under water on their mortgages. The WSJ reports, House Price Drops Leave More Underwater. How many are underwater? Almost a third of American homeowners!!
Government intervention is simply attempting to apply sandbags to this problem. While I fully empathize with the families impacted, these sandbags are no remedy or foundation for a long term fix. In fact, I think these sandbags are potentially causing pools of private capital to refrain from entering the market. Why is that? A market that is being artificially supported will always cause real money to wait in the wings.
As the water finds its own level, the private capital will definitely enter. In so doing, it is very likely the private capital will ultimately push the market to levels even higher than current.
Any market participant knows, though, that a market that is manipulated may stay elevated for a short stretch but will move lower, find its natural clearing level, and then move higher. Housing is no different.
LD
Mortgage Magic or Mortgage Mayhem?
Posted by Larry Doyle on May 5th, 2009 7:02 AM |
Are the largest banks in the land ready to defy the rule of law and self-deal with Uncle Sam’s blessing in the name of providing mortgage relief to homeowners currently strapped by first and second mortgages? The WSJ reports How Big Banks Want To Game The Mortgage Mess.
Is this another game of chance in which Uncle Sam wants to prime the pump in hopes of luring private capital into the economy? No, anything but. In fact, this is no game at all. Uncle Sam is proposing legislation which would protect mortgage servicers from being sued for not performing their duty to protect the property rights of mortgage investors (including pension funds, mutual funds, insurance companies). What does all this mean?
Investors in mortgage securities backed by first mortgages are entitled and expect protection of their capital by the performance of mortgage servicers handling the monthly payment of mortgage principal and interest. In fact, if the mortgage servicers do not perform the investors will and should sue.
The investors or holders of second mortgages will only receive a return if and when the first mortgage is current on its payment.
Will Congress pass legislation which would unintentionally incentivize large banks, which also happen to be large mortgage servicers, to game the mortgage modification process for their own benefit but at the expense of investors holding the first mortgages? The WSJ highlights:
Given the current housing crisis, there is wide support for measures to make it easier for homeowners to modify their mortgages. That is understandable. Nobody likes seeing the wave of foreclosures. Plus, mortgage modifications may help stabilize home values.
But in the rush to do something, Congress is showing a regrettable willingness to adopt constitutionally suspect legislation that runs roughshod over the Fifth Amendment of the Constitution, which prohibits the taking of private property without just compensation. (more…)
Home Foreclosures Continue to Surge. What Does It All Mean?
Posted by Larry Doyle on August 13th, 2009 8:22 AM |
Bloomberg reports, U.S. Foreclosure Filings Set Third Record-High in Five Months:
What is this ongoing foreclosure activity doing to home prices? It’s not good.
What about the mortgage modification programs which were designed to stem this tide of foreclosures? In speaking with our friends at 12th Street Capital, who have canvassed a number of the large mortgage servicing operations, we have learned that successful mortgage modifications are typically only occurring with mortgages that are delinquent 30 days or less. After that, homeowners are increasingly inclined to ‘walk away’ from homes which are further underwater (mortgage balance exceeds home value). In fact, Bloomberg highlights:
The greatest surge in foreclosure activity remains in those states which have already experienced enormous problems. The top 5 being Nevada, California, Arizona, Florida, and Utah. That said, our entire economy is intricately linked and these markets (especially California) cover a large percentage of our population.
What are the implications for this ongoing foreclosure activity? (more…)
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Posted in foreclosures, General, Housing Crisis | 6 Comments »